ABSTRACT The Henneke Scoring System is a method of evaluating a horse's body condition. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the body condition index and the modified Henneke body condition score in Chilean horses (total sample and by sex). Measurements were taken in 50 Chilean horses in training (11 stallions, 15 geldings and 24 mares). The modified Henneke body condition score was estimated for each horse; wither height, heart girth, belly girth, and neck circumference were measured to calculate the body condition index. The mean values of the body measurements obtained were compared to the Henneke body condition scores by sex using the Analysis of Variance and Tukey's multiple comparison test. Pearson correlations were calculated between the body condition index and the modified Henneke body condition score. There was a moderate correlation between the methods in the total sample (r = 0.424, P = 0.0022), but no correlation was observed in stallions (r = -0.256, P = 0.447). However, a high correlation was observed in geldings (r = 0.701, P = 0.0036) and a moderate correlation in mares (r = 0.398, P = 0.054). The study was limited due to the low variation in body condition between the horses. The results suggest that body condition index is not a good method estimate the modified Henneke body condition score in Chilean horses in training. Further studies are required to adapt the formula to horses with different conformation, pregnancy or feeding management.

RESUMEN El sistema de evaluación de Henneke se usa para medir la condición corporal en caballos. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la relación entre el índice de condición corporal y la calificación de la condición corporal de Henneke modificada, en caballos de raza chilena (muestra total y por sexos). Las mediciones se realizaron en 50 caballos raza chilena en competencia (11 sementales, 15 caballos y 24 yeguas). La calificación de la condición corporal de Henneke modificada fue estimada en cada caballo, y su altura a la cruz, perímetro torácico, perímetro abdominal y perímetro cervical fueron medidos para calcular el índice de condición corporal. Los promedios fueron comparados para cada sexo usando el análisis de varianza y la prueba de comparación múltiple de Tukey. Se calculó la correlación de Pearson entre el índice de condición corporal y la calificación de la condición corporal de Henneke modificada. El índice de condición corporal mostró una correlación moderada con la calificación de la condición corporal de Henneke en caballos raza chilena en general (r = 0,424; P = 0,447), pero no hubo correlación en los sementales (r = -0,256; P = 0,447). Se observó una alta correlación en los caballos (r = 0,701; P = 0,0036) y una correlación moderada en yeguas (r = 0,398, P = 0,054). Las limitaciones del estudio fueron la poca variación de la condición corporal en los caballos. Los resultados indican que el índice de condición corporal no es un buen método para estimar la calificación de la condición corporal de Henneke modificada en caballos raza chilena en competencia. Se requieren estudios adicionales para adaptar la fórmula a caballos con diferente conformación, preñez y nutrición.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a coproprevalência de Fasciola hepatica em equinos chilenos (Equus caballus), residentes na província de Concepción, região de Bío-Bío, Chile. O estudo foi realizado durante o mês de outubro de 2017. Foram coletadas amostras de todos os equinos estabulados (124 espécimes; 45 fêmeas e 79 machos, com idades entre 7 meses e 24 anos) da província de Concepción. Uma amostra de fezes transretal foi obtida de cada animal, analisada no Laboratório “Dr. Luis Rubilar”, da Universidad de Concepción, usando-se a técnica AMS III, para detectar a presença de ovos de F. hepatica. O diagnóstico fecal foi complementado com informações sobre a idade do animal, sexo, aplicação prévia de fasciolicida e uma avaliação da condição corporal. Testes de Fisher foram realizados para analisar os resultados. Dos 124 equinos, 10 (8,06%) foram positivos para ovos de F. hepatica. Não foi encontrada associação significativa entre idade, sexo, aplicação prévia de fasciolicida ou condição corporal com a presença de ovos. Um cavalo tratado com triclabendazol foi positivo para ovos de F. hepatica.

Abstract The aim of this research was to assess the copro-prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in owned Chilean breed horses (Equus caballus) residing in the province of Concepción, Chile. The study was carried out throughout October 2017. Samples were taken from all (100%) Chilean breed horse (124 specimens; 45 females and 79 males, aged between 7 months and 24 years old) from the Concepción province. A rectal stool sample was obtained from each animal. This was analyzed using the Army Medical School method (AMS III) technique to detect F. hepatica eggs. Information about the horse’s age, sex, previous fasciolicide application, and an assessment of body condition was also obtained. Fisher tests were carried out to analyze the results. Ten horses (8.06%) were positive for the presence of F. hepatica eggs. No significant difference of copro-prevalence was found between age (young 8.47%, old 7.69%), sex (female 11.1%, male 6.33%), the previous application of fasciolicide (dewormed 10%, not dewormed 7.89%), or body condition (low condition 11.1%, high condition 0.7%) categories (Fisher tests: P>0.05 in all cases). The results of this study suggest that Chilean breed horses constitute part of the reservoir of F. hepatica for both ruminant populations and humans in the Concepción province.

Abstract: The objectives of this study were: a) establish the frequency, age and reason for hemicastration, b) determine the most frequently removed testicle and c) compare the athletic performance between unilaterally castrated and intact Chilean rodeo stallions. Two hundred and sixteen Chilean Horse stallions participating in the 2016 Chilean rodeo qualifying rounds and National Championship (CRNC) were evaluated. Owners and/or riders were interrogated about age, hemicastration, age at hemicastration, removed testicle, reason and effects of hemicastration on athletic performance of stallions. The statistical analysis was descriptive and the results were expressed in means and percentages. Chi-square test was used to compare the performance between unilaterally castrated and intact stallions. Performance was qualified based on qualification to the CRNC and ultimately participation in the Champion series. Fifty-three percent of the stallions were unilaterally castrated (47% left testicle; 53% right testicle) (P>0.05). Mean age of hemicastration was 6.97±2.24 years. Main reasons reported for hemicastration were: traumatic (76%), increased volume (13%) and preventive (11%), but not all of them with medical confirmation. Seven owners or riders were unaware of the reason of hemicastration. Forty-six percent of the qualified stallions to the CRNC (P>0.05) and 29% of the qualified to the Champion series were unilaterally castrated (P=0.0122). It was concluded that half of the 2016 elite Chilean Horse stallions were unilaterally castrated, without preference for a testicle, after the age of initiation of sporting activity. A 43.5% of hemicastration in Chilean rodeo stallions are performed preventively or based on subjective assessments of owners and riders without veterinary diagnosis, however, it is unclear that hemicastration affected the athletic performance in these cases.

In Chile, there have been two studies on classic stereotypic behavior in Chilean horses breed. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of classic stereotypies in Chilean horses stabled of the counties of Pinto and Coihueco, Biobío Region, Chile, and its association with sex and age. All Chilean horses registered and stabled in both counties were studied (n=103). Presence or absence of classic stereotypies (crib-biting, weaving and box-walking) was determined by direct observation of 20 min per hour for 4 hours. Data were analyzed dividing horses by sex into three groups: stallions (n = 36), geldings (n = 33) and mares (n = 34). Based on their age, they were divided into three groups: 3-5 years old (n = 14), 5(-1)5 years old (n = 83) and >15 years old (n = 6). Results were expressed as simple percentages. The effects of age and sex were analyzed statistically by Fisher's exact test with a significance level at 0.05. Total prevalence of classic stereotypies was 6.8% (1.94% crib-biting, 0.98% weaving and 3.88% box-walking). No statistic differences were found regarding sex or age. Results suggest that Chilean horses showed a normal prevalence of classic stereotypies and that box-walking is the most common stereotypic behavior in horses of this breed.

En Chile se han realizado dos estudios de estereotipias clásicas en caballos de raza chileno, ambos con resultados diferentes respecto a la prevalencia total y estereotipia más frecuente en esta raza. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia total y de cada una de las estereotipias clásicas en caballos chilenos estabulados de las comunas de Pinto y Coihueco, Región del Biobío, Chile, y su asociación con el sexo y edad. Se estudió la totalidad de los caballos chilenos inscritos y estabulados en ambas comunas (n = 103). Se determinó la presencia o ausencia de aerofagia, balanceo y/o paseo circular en pesebrera en cada caballo mediante observación directa, 20 min por hora, durante 4 horas. Para analizar los datos, los equinos fueron divididos de acuerdo al sexo en 3 grupos: machos enteros (n = 36), machos castrados (n = 33) y hembras (n = 34). De acuerdo a la edad se dividieron en 3 grupos: 3-5 años (n = 14), 5(-1)5 años (n = 83) y >15 años (n = 6). Los resultados son expresados como porcentajes simples. El efecto de las variables sexo y edad fue analizado mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher con un nivel de significancia de p < 0,05. La prevalencia total de estereotipias clásicas fue 6,8% (1,94% aerofagia, 0,98% balanceo y 3,88% paseo circular en pesebrera). No se encontró diferencias estadísticas asociadas a la edad y sexo. Los resultados sugieren que los caballos chilenos presentan una prevalencia normal de estereotipias clásicas y que el paseo circular en pesebrera es la más frecuente en caballos de esta raza.

The purpose of this study was to add information about current situation of the Thoroughbred racehorses fasciolosis in Chile. The study was made between January and February 2006. Fecal samples were taken from 269 horses (92 females and 177 males), whose age ranges from 2 and 11 years. And they were analyzed by means of sedimentation examination in order to find the presence of Fasciola hepática eggs. The coproparasitologic study was complement with a survey to the horse trainer. For the analysis of the results we used the statistical test of %² and Fisher exact test. We detected 28 (10,4%) positive to the F. hepática eggs. Significant differences were found (p < 0,05) by age and between the animals that received flukicide drug treatment and the not treated.

El propósito de este estudio es entregar información sobre la situación de la fasciolosis en los equinos fina sangre de carrera del Club Hípico Concepción (Región del Bio-Bio, Chile). Se tomaron muestras de 269 equinos (92 hembras y 177 machos), con un rango de edad entre 2 y 11 años. En cada uno de los animales, se obtuvo una muestra de heces, la que fue analizada mediante examen de sedimentación para detectar la presencia de huevos de Fasciola hepática. De los 269 equinos examinados, se detectaron 28 (10,41%) positivos aF hepática. Se encontraron sólo diferencias de infección por edad, siendo los menores los que presentaron mayores prevalencias (p < 0,05).

Six species of lice (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae, Menoponidae) were collected from four marine bird species belonging to the family Laridae from the Chilean coast. Saemundssonia sternae (Linnaeus,1758) and Quadraceps sellatus (Burmeister,1838) collected from the boreal sea gull (Sterna hirundo, Linnaeus,1758), Saemundssonia lari (O, fabricius, 1780), Quadraceps punctatus (Burmeister, 1838) and Q. ornatus (Grube,1851) found on the Dominican sea gull (Larus dominicanus, Lichtenstein, 1832); Q, punctatus collected from garuma sea gull (L. modestus, Tschudi, 1843) and S. lari and Actornithophilus piceus lari (Packard,1870) found on Franklin sea gull (L. pipixcan, Wagler,1831). All these species of Phthiraptera are first reports in Chile

Seis especies de piojos (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae, Menoponidae) fueron colectadas sobre cuatro especies de aves marinas de la familia Laridae en la costa de Chile. Se registran: Saemundssonia sternae (Linnaeus, 1758) y Quadraceps sellatus (Burmeister, 1838) sobre el gaviotín boreal (Sterna hirundo, Linnaeus, 1758); Saemundssonia lari (O. Fabricius, 1780), Quadraceps punctatus (Burmeister, 1838) y Quadraceps ornatus (Grube, 1851) parasitando a la gaviota dominicana (Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, 1832); Q. punctatus sobre la gaviota garuma (L. modestus Tschudi, 1843); S. lari y Actornithophilus piceus lari (Packard, 1870) sobre la gaviota de Franklin (L. pipixcan Wagler, 1831). Todas estas especies de Phthiraptera constituyen nuevos registros para Chile

The prevalence and intensity of arthropod ectoparasites collected from 90 specimens of Tadarida brasiliensis (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1824) captured in Concepción, VIII Región-Chile (36°40'S; 73°04'W) from November 2000 to March 2001 is presented. The ectoparasites collected were one species of flea, Sternopsylla distincta (Rothschild, 1903), and three species of mites, Chiroptonyssus robustipes (Ewing, 1925), Ewingana inaequalis (Ewing, 1938) and Notoedres lasionycteris (Boyd & Bernstein, 1950). The 100% of bats were parasited and 3,185 ectoparasites were collected. C. robustipes was the most common species with a 100% of prevalence. N. lasionycteris, E. inaequalis and S. distincta presented 40.0, 32.24 and 8.89% of prevalence respectively. The mean intensity of infestation was greater for C. robustipes with 34.25 mites/bats and in others species the intensity was a 2% lower. The prevalence and intensity of E. inaequalis and N. lasionycteris were significatively greater in males, while for S. distincta the prevalence was slightly greater only in females. The prevalence and intensity of some ectoparasites showed to be dependent on the host sex

En este trabajo se presenta el estudio de la prevalencia e intensidad de artrópodos ectoparásitos recolectados en 90 ejemplares de Tadarida brasiliensis (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1824) capturados en la ciudad de Concepción, VIII Región-Chile (36°40'S; 73°04'O), desde noviembre del 2000 a marzo del 2001. Los ectoparásitos recolectados fueron una especie de pulga, Sternopsylla distincta (Rothschild, 1903), y tres especies de ácaros, Chiroptonyssus robustipes (Ewing, 1925), Ewingana inaequalis (Ewing, 1938) y Notoedres lasionycteris (Boyd & Bernstein, 1950). El 100% de los murciélagos se encontraron parasitados y se les extrajo un total de 3.185 ectoparásitos. C. robustipes fue la especie más común con un 100% de prevalencia, seguida de N. lasionycteris, E. inaequalis y S. distincta con prevalencias de 40, 32,24 y 8,89% respectivamente. También la intensidad de infestación promedio fue mucho mayor para C. robustipes con 34.25 ácaros/murciélago, comparado con las otras especies en que la intensidad fue menor al 2%. La prevalencia e intensidad de E. inaequalis y N. lasionycteris fue significativamente mayor en machos, mientras que para S. distincta sólo la prevalencia fue levemente mayor en hembras, con lo que se pudo concluir que la prevalencia e intensidad de ectoparásitos aparecen como dependiente del sexo del hospedero en algunas especies de ectoparásitos

A review of the 58 species of ixodid-ticks that are parasites of the dog (Canis familiaris) in the world is presented. The geographical distribution, hosts, location on the hosts, seasonal activity, life-cycles and transmitted diseases are mentioned

El presente trabajo es una revisión bibliográfica que recopila antecedentes sobre las 58 especies de Ixodida que pueden parasitar al perro (Canis familiaris) a nivel mundial, y se incluye para cada especie su distribución geográfica, hospedadores, ubicación en el hospedador, actividad estacional, ciclo de vida y enfermedades transmitidas

The presence of three specimens of Basilia silvae (Brèthes, 1913) found on Histiotus montanus (Philippi & Landbeck, 1861) collected Chillán, Chile is reported. This is the first record of Basilia silvae on this bat and in the Province of Ñuble, Chile

Se informa el hallazgo de tres ejemplares de Basilia silvae (Brèthes, 1913) sobre un ejemplar de Histiotus montanus (Philippi & Landbeck, 1861) capturado en la ciudad de Chillán, Chile, constituyéndose en el primer registro confirmado de Basilia silvae sobre este quiróptero y la primera cita para la Provincia de Ñuble